Stimulants and non-stimulants explained

ADHD medications fall into two groups: stimulants and non-stimulants. Each works differently, and each suits different people.

Stimulants

Stimulants are the first-line medication for most adults and children with ADHD. They work quickly, often within an hour, and effects wear off the same day. The two main families are methylphenidate-based medications and amfetamine-based medications, each available in immediate and modified-release forms.

Non-stimulants

Non-stimulants take several weeks to reach full effect and work consistently throughout the day. They are typically considered when stimulants are unsuitable, ineffective, or cause unmanageable side effects. Examples include atomoxetine and guanfacine.

Choosing between them

Your clinician considers your medical history, your current medications, your symptom profile, and your preferences. Most adults start with a stimulant unless there is a clear reason not to. Switching is straightforward if the first choice does not suit.

What this article does not cover

Specific dose ranges, brand comparisons, and off-licence uses are clinical decisions made during your Initiation Session. This article gives you the orientation; your clinician gives you the recommendation.